Types of Head and Brain InjuriesBy: Steve Holder
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Types of Head and Brain Injuries
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Head injuries can be as minor as a bump or a cut, or as serious as a depressed skull fracture with traumatic brain injury. The terms describing such a wide variety of head injury types don't always accurately convey the nature or seriousness of the injury. The following descriptions can help you with the terminology for various types of head and brain injuries so you can better understand and possibly further research the type of injury you or a loved one may have experienced.
Bump on the Head ("Goose Egg")
A bump on the head (also called a "goose egg") often describes a minor injury resulting in bleeding under the skin and a swollen, raised lump. If the injured person didn't lose consciousness, the injury is usually not serious. The person should be observed closely for the next 48 hours, however, to detect any signs of a concussion associated with the event.
Open Head Injury
When someone has a badly bleeding cut on the scalp (a "scalp laceration"), we might say he "cut his head open." It's easy to assume that's what an "open head injury" describes. But to medical professionals, an open head injury means at best a skull fracture, and at worst an object penetrating the brain.
Closed Head Injury
It can also be tempting to think that a closed head injury is the same thing as a bump on the head because the head isn't "cut open." In medical circles, however, a closed head injury describes an injury to the brain itself from impacting the interior of the skull or being damaged by violent movement when there is no visible exterior injury.
Concussion
The brain normally floats serenely inside the skull surrounded by a protective layer of fluid. When the head moves or stops suddenly due to a blow or a fall, the brain can be violently jarred and impact the interior of the skull resulting in a disruption of brain chemistry and function. This is called a concussion, and may sometimes cause the injured person to pass out for at least a few seconds. Concussions can be mild or severe depending on the amount of resulting brain injury.
Brain Contusion, Hemorrhage, and Hematoma
The terms contusion, hemorrhage and hematoma all relate to internal bleeding.
A brain contusion (or "cerebral contusion") is a bruise on the brain. Some brain contusions can be minor and will heal on their own without any specific treatment. A severe contusion can be life threatening, however. Blood leaking into the skull cavity exerts pressure on the brain and can cause additional brain damage.
A brain hemorrhage describes bleeding within the brain or skull cavity. A brain hemorrhage can increase pressure inside the skull and cause brain damage.
Hematoma describes a collection of blood in the body's tissues. An internal hemorrhage causes a hematoma. In head injuries, hematoma usually describes blood collecting in the tissue between the skull and brain.
Skull Fracture
Skull fractures can be mild or severe, but in all cases it's not the damage to the bone that matters as much as any concurrent damage to the brain.
· Linear fracture indicates the skull bone is cracked, but the skull is not opened.
· Diastatic skull fracture occurs when the skull is separated along the joints between its plates.
· Comminuted skull fracture describes the condition when the bone is broken into many small fragments.
· Depressed skull fracture is a comminuted skull fracture with the bone fragments pushed inward.
· Basilar skull fracture is a break in the bones at the base of the skull. Some cases may be mild while others can be severe.
Penetrating and Perforating Head Injuries
Penetrating head injury describes the condition when an object penetrates both the skull bone and membrane surrounding the brain and enters the brain tissue. If the object penetrates the head completely and exits, it is known as a perforating head injury. Many people do not survive such an injury.
Diffuse Axonal Injury
Whereas a focal injury is one occurring in a specific part of the brain, a diffuse injury occurs over a much more widespread area. Because axons are the cells involved in transmitting signals between nerve cells, a diffuse axonal injury disrupts nerve cell communication in large regions of the brain. A severe diffuse axonal injury often results in a permanent coma.
For more information on Head and Brain Injuries, visit http://www.headbraininjuries.com, a complete information resource for TBI survivors and their family, friends, and caregivers.http://www.headbraininjuries.com/head-brain-injuries |
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| Keywords |
head brain injury injuries TBI traumatic concussion skull fracture |
| Category |
Health and Fitness |
| Submission Date |
Sep 14, 2008 |
| Article Contact Name |
Steve Holder || send email to Steve Holder
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